[Swift 공식 문서] 3. Strings and Characters

let someString = "Some string literal value"

let quotation = """ The White Rabbit put on his spectacles. "Where shall I begin, please your Majesty?" he asked. "Begin at the beginning," the King said gravely, "and go on till you come to the end; then stop." """

let singleLineString = "These are the same." let multilineString = """ These are the same. """

let softWrappedQuotation = """ The White Rabbit put on his spectacles. "Where shall I begin, \ please your Majesty?" he asked. "Begin at the beginning," the King said gravely, "and go on \ till you come to the end; then stop." """

let lineBreaks = """ This string starts with a line break. It also ends with a line break. """

let wiseWords = "\"Imagination is more important than knowledge\" - Einstein" // "Imagination is more important than knowledge" - Einstein let dollarSign = "\u{24}" // $, Unicode scalar U+0024 let blackHeart = "\u{2665}" // ♥, Unicode scalar U+2665 let sparklingHeart = "\u{1F496}" // 💖, Unicode scalar U+1F496

let threeDoubleQuotationMarks = """ Escaping the first quotation mark \""" Escaping all three quotation marks \"\"\" """

print(#"Line 1\nLine 2"#) // Line 1\nLine 2 print(#"Line 1\#nLine 2"#) //Line 1 //Line 2

let threeMoreDoubleQuotationMarks = #""" Here are three more double quotes: """ """#

var emptyString = "" // empty string literal var anotherEmptyString = String() // initializer syntax // these two strings are both empty, and are equivalent to each other

if emptyString.isEmpty { print("Nothing to see here") } // Prints "Nothing to see here"

for character in "Dog!🐶" { print(character) } // D // o // g // ! // 🐶

let exclamationMark: Character = "!"

let catCharacters: [Character] = ["C", "a", "t", "!", "🐱"] let catString = String(catCharacters) print(catString) // Prints "Cat!🐱"

let string1 = "hello" let string2 = " there" var welcome = string1 + string2 // welcome now equals "hello there"

var instruction = "look over" instruction += string2 // instruction now equals "look over there"

let exclamationMark: Character = "!" welcome.append(exclamationMark) // welcome now equals "hello there!"

let badStart = """ one two """ let end = """ three """ print(badStart + end) // Prints two lines: // one // twothree two 와 three 사이에 줄바꿈을 표현하고 싶다면, let goodStart = """ one two """ print(goodStart + end) // Prints three lines: // one // two // three

let multiplier = 3 let message = "\(multiplier) times 2.5 is \(Double(multiplier) * 2.5)" // message is "3 times 2.5 is 7.5"

print(#"Write an interpolated string in Swift using \(multiplier)."#) // Prints "Write an interpolated string in Swift using \(multiplier)."

print(#"6 times 7 is \#(6 * 7)."#) // Prints "6 times 7 is 42."

let precomposed: Character = "\u{D55C}" // 한 let decomposed: Character = "\u{1112}\u{1161}\u{11AB}" // ᄒ, ᅡ, ᆫ

var word = "cafe" print("the number of characters in \(word) is \(word.count)") // Prints "the number of characters in cafe is 4" word += "\u{301}" // COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT, U+0301 print("the number of characters in \(word) is \(word.count)") // Prints "the number of characters in café is 4"

var welcome = "hello" welcome.insert("!", at: welcome.endIndex) // welcome now equals "hello!" welcome.insert(contentsOf: " there", at: welcome.index(before: welcome.endIndex)) // welcome now equals "hello there!"

welcome.remove(at: welcome.index(before: welcome.endIndex)) // welcome now equals "hello there" let range = welcome.index(welcome.endIndex, offsetBy: -6)..<welcome.endIndex welcome.removeSubrange(range) // welcome now equals "hello"

let greeting = "Hello, world!" let index = greeting.firstIndex(of: ",") ?? greeting.endIndex let beginning = greeting[..<index] // beginning is "Hello" // Convert the result to a String for long-term storage. let newString = String(beginning)

let quotation = "We're a lot alike, you and I." let sameQuotation = "We're a lot alike, you and I." if quotation == sameQuotation { print("These two strings are considered equal") } // Prints "These two strings are considered equal"

// "Voulez-vous un café?" using LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE let eAcuteQuestion = "Voulez-vous un caf\u{E9}?" // "Voulez-vous un café?" using LATIN SMALL LETTER E and COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT let combinedEAcuteQuestion = "Voulez-vous un caf\u{65}\u{301}?" if eAcuteQuestion == combinedEAcuteQuestion { print("These two strings are considered equal") } // Prints "These two strings are considered equal"

let latinCapitalLetterA: Character = "\u{41}" let cyrillicCapitalLetterA: Character = "\u{0410}" if latinCapitalLetterA != cyrillicCapitalLetterA { print("These two characters aren't equivalent.") } // Prints "These two characters aren't equivalent."

let romeoAndJuliet = [ "Act 1 Scene 1: Verona, A public place", "Act 1 Scene 2: Capulet's mansion", "Act 1 Scene 3: A room in Capulet's mansion", "Act 1 Scene 4: A street outside Capulet's mansion", "Act 1 Scene 5: The Great Hall in Capulet's mansion", "Act 2 Scene 1: Outside Capulet's mansion", "Act 2 Scene 2: Capulet's orchard", "Act 2 Scene 3: Outside Friar Lawrence's cell", "Act 2 Scene 4: A street in Verona", "Act 2 Scene 5: Capulet's mansion", "Act 2 Scene 6: Friar Lawrence's cell" ] var act1SceneCount = 0 for scene in romeoAndJuliet { if scene.hasPrefix("Act 1 ") { act1SceneCount += 1 } } print("There are \(act1SceneCount) scenes in Act 1") // Prints "There are 5 scenes in Act 1" var mansionCount = 0 var cellCount = 0 for scene in romeoAndJuliet { if scene.hasSuffix("Capulet's mansion") { mansionCount += 1 } else if scene.hasSuffix("Friar Lawrence's cell") { cellCount += 1 } } print("\(mansionCount) mansion scenes; \(cellCount) cell scenes") // Prints "6 mansion scenes; 2 cell scenes"

for codeUnit in dogString.utf8 { print("\(codeUnit) ", terminator: "") } print("") // Prints "68 111 103 226 128 188 240 159 144 182 "

for codeUnit in dogString.utf16 { print("\(codeUnit) ", terminator: "") } print("") // Prints "68 111 103 8252 55357 56374 "

for scalar in dogString.unicodeScalars { print("\(scalar.value) ", terminator: "") } print("") // Prints "68 111 103 8252 128054 "

for scalar in dogString.unicodeScalars { print("\(scalar) ") } // D // o // g // ‼ // 🐶